Saida lolos mak akontese iha Yemen neba?
Tradusaun husi kompilasaun artiklus sira mak iha internet
Tradutor; Tomas Freitas
Guerra Civil
Krizi iha Yemen komesa iha tinan 2011-2012 wainhira revolusaun kontra Presidente Ali Abdulah Saleh, nebe ukun Yemen durante dekada tolu resin, (Hendawi, 2014). Depois Saleh resigna an iha inisiu 2012 hanesan parte husi agrementu mediasaun entre governu Yemen ho grupo opozisaun sira, governu temporariumente lidera husi Presidente Saleh nian Vice-Presidente, Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, maibe governu refere susar atu hakoak fraksaun politika iha nasaun laran, ne’ebe ameasadu husi Al-Qaeda iha Peninsula Arabian nian no mos hetan presaun husi Militante Houthi nian ne’ebe kunyesidu hanesan grupo rebeldes mak sempre konfrontativu ho militar Yemen iha Norte Yemen iha tinan 2004-2015, (Al Arabiya, 2015). Iha 2014, Guerileiros Houthi domina capital sidade Sana’a no obriga Vice-Presidente Hadi hodi negosia “governu unidade” hamutuk ho fraksaun politika sira seluk. Grupo rebeldes kontinua halo presaun ba governu mak fraku ate Hadi nian palacio presidente no mos residensia privado hetan atake husi grupo militant, depois de atakasaun Hadi mos halo resignasaun hamutuk ho ninian gabinete ministros sira iha fulan Janeiro 2015. Hafoin tiha resignasaun liu fulan ida nian laran, grupo rebeldes Houthis deklara katak sira mak agora kontrola governu, grupo ne mos dissolve tiha Parlamentu no mos instala Komite Revolusionariu Interino ne’ebe lidera husi Mohammed Ali al-Houthi, primo husi Houthi nian lider Abdul-Malik al-Houthi, (Middle East Eye., 2015). Iha momentu neba mos eis Vice-Presidente Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi konsege halai sai ba sidade Aden, ne’ebe Nia deklara nudar baze lejitimidade ba Presidente Yemen nian, Hadi mos proklama sidade Aden nudar capital temporariu Yemen nian, Nia mos bolu ninian apoyante sira inklui membro governu official no mos forsa militar balun hodi ba hamutuk ho Nia iha sidade Aden, (Simeon, 2015). Iha loron 27 Marsu 2015, BBC halo reportazem katak forsa rebeldes konsege ataka no okupa sidade Aden, no Hadi konsege salva an halai ba Riyadh capital nasaun vizinho Saudi Arabiah, la kleur husi ida ne, Governu Saudi Arabia mos atake kedas Yemen ho sira nian forsa Aero, (BBC, 2015). Resutadu husi atake ida ne hamosu kedas guera civil entre governu Hadi nian no rebeldes Houthi sira. Desde 2017 grupo separatista seluk mak hanesan al-hirak al-Janoubi ne’ebe kunyesidu ho naran grupo Konsellu Tranzisaun Sul nian (Southern Transitional Council) mos kontinua kontra Governu Hadi nian.
Tradusaun husi kompilasaun artiklus sira mak iha internet
Tradutor; Tomas Freitas
Guerra Civil
Krizi iha Yemen komesa iha tinan 2011-2012 wainhira revolusaun kontra Presidente Ali Abdulah Saleh, nebe ukun Yemen durante dekada tolu resin, (Hendawi, 2014). Depois Saleh resigna an iha inisiu 2012 hanesan parte husi agrementu mediasaun entre governu Yemen ho grupo opozisaun sira, governu temporariumente lidera husi Presidente Saleh nian Vice-Presidente, Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, maibe governu refere susar atu hakoak fraksaun politika iha nasaun laran, ne’ebe ameasadu husi Al-Qaeda iha Peninsula Arabian nian no mos hetan presaun husi Militante Houthi nian ne’ebe kunyesidu hanesan grupo rebeldes mak sempre konfrontativu ho militar Yemen iha Norte Yemen iha tinan 2004-2015, (Al Arabiya, 2015). Iha 2014, Guerileiros Houthi domina capital sidade Sana’a no obriga Vice-Presidente Hadi hodi negosia “governu unidade” hamutuk ho fraksaun politika sira seluk. Grupo rebeldes kontinua halo presaun ba governu mak fraku ate Hadi nian palacio presidente no mos residensia privado hetan atake husi grupo militant, depois de atakasaun Hadi mos halo resignasaun hamutuk ho ninian gabinete ministros sira iha fulan Janeiro 2015. Hafoin tiha resignasaun liu fulan ida nian laran, grupo rebeldes Houthis deklara katak sira mak agora kontrola governu, grupo ne mos dissolve tiha Parlamentu no mos instala Komite Revolusionariu Interino ne’ebe lidera husi Mohammed Ali al-Houthi, primo husi Houthi nian lider Abdul-Malik al-Houthi, (Middle East Eye., 2015). Iha momentu neba mos eis Vice-Presidente Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi konsege halai sai ba sidade Aden, ne’ebe Nia deklara nudar baze lejitimidade ba Presidente Yemen nian, Hadi mos proklama sidade Aden nudar capital temporariu Yemen nian, Nia mos bolu ninian apoyante sira inklui membro governu official no mos forsa militar balun hodi ba hamutuk ho Nia iha sidade Aden, (Simeon, 2015). Iha loron 27 Marsu 2015, BBC halo reportazem katak forsa rebeldes konsege ataka no okupa sidade Aden, no Hadi konsege salva an halai ba Riyadh capital nasaun vizinho Saudi Arabiah, la kleur husi ida ne, Governu Saudi Arabia mos atake kedas Yemen ho sira nian forsa Aero, (BBC, 2015). Resutadu husi atake ida ne hamosu kedas guera civil entre governu Hadi nian no rebeldes Houthi sira. Desde 2017 grupo separatista seluk mak hanesan al-hirak al-Janoubi ne’ebe kunyesidu ho naran grupo Konsellu Tranzisaun Sul nian (Southern Transitional Council) mos kontinua kontra Governu Hadi nian.
Photo Kredit: Salah David
Klima protestu ne’ebe kunyesidu ho naran ‘The Arab Spring’ la persija tempo naruk atu to’o iha Yemen depois de revolusaun iha Tunisia. Molok ida ne Yemen nudar nasaun ida ne’ebe kiak aumenta tan ninian governasaun mak kunyesidu koruptu, inklui arma kilat barak ne’ebe espalha iha civil nian liman. Iha tinan 2011, nasaun ne enfrenta tiha ona konfrontasaun husi grupo Al-Qaeda ne’ebe ligasaun ho grupo separatista iha parte Sul, alende ne mos konfronta ho grupo rebeldes Zaydi Shia iha parte Norte nian. Historikamente nudar nasaun Yemen foin mak unidos iha tinan 1990, depois de diferensias entre Norte ho Sul.
Krizi Ekolojia
Politika instabilidade iha Yemen akontese tanba mos razaun balun husi krizi ekolojia iha nasaun refere. Mayoria (Rata-rata) (average) sidadaun Yemen so hetan aksesu ba 140 m3/tinan (metro kuadradu kubik) bee mos kada tinan, kompara ho nasaun seluk iha Mediu Oriente 1000 m3/tinan, standard internasional 1700 m3/tinan, (Climate Change, 2001). Fontes bee mos ba nasaun ne mai husi perfurasaun bee rai okos, maibe ninian kuantidade bee rai okos tun bebeik kada tinan, hanesan ijemplo iha sidade Sana’a, perfurasaun bee rai-okos iha tinan 1970 bele to’o metro 30 hetan tiha ona bee mos, maibe iha tinan 2012 perfurasaun bee rai-okos persija to’o metro 1200 mak foin hetan bee, (Krista, 2010). Problema ne akontese tanba governu la regulariza utilizasaun bee rai-okos, no ida ne akontese molok krizi politika iha tinan 2011. Iha peritus barak mak halo tiha prediksaun katak Yemen sei sai nasaun primeiro mak bee mos laiha tanba ema hotu halo prefurasaun ba bee rai-okos. Agrikultor sira utiliza 90% bee rai-okos mesmo que kontribui deit 6% ba kresimentu ekonomia rai-laran. Kontrariomente ho ida ne, porsaun bot liu ema Yemen sira depende liu ba agrikultura kiik ou agrikultura skala subsistensia. Metade husi fornesementu bee mos ba agrikultura mak utiliza hodi rega “Khat” species aitahan ida hodi mama, atu hanesan (bua mak ferik ho katuas sira gosta mama), peritu sira dehan katak “Khat” ne hanesan narkotika ida ba ema Yemen sira hodi nata (chew). Ne signifika mesmo que Yemen nasaun ida mak menus bee, metade husi populasaun laiha aksesu ba ai-han, bee mak mai husi rai-okos so para uza hodi rega 45% agrikultor mak kuda ‘”Khat” ne’ebe la’os hahan.
Seguranca bee mos iha ninian impaktu direita ba iha estabilidade politika Yemen nian. Ema iha liur rona liu kona ba “Proxy War” funu entre faksaun ne’ebe balun hetan suporta husi nasaun seluk, maibe bazeia ba Jornal diario Yemen nian Al-Thawra, katak 70% - 80% konflito iha nasaun ne relasiona ho kestaun bee mos. Ministro interior Yemen nian deklara katak kazu hadaun malun bee mos ho rai resulta ona ema nain rihun hat (4,000) mak mate kada tinan, numero ne bot liu fali numero terorista sira nian, (Heffez, 2013). Iha rejiaun ida naran Al-Jawf Governorate, nebe sai hanesan baze grupo separatista Militant Shi’a Islamist, disputa oho malun tanba bee mos akontese besik tinan tolu nulu ona seidauk resolve, (IRIN., 2012). Iha tinan 2007, Ministro Bee no Rekurso Naturais sujere ba populasaun mak hela iha sidade Sana’a atu hodi evakua tanba bee mos laiha, (Kirby, 2007). Mesmo que governu fo orientasaun tiha ona ba evakuasaun, maibe molok ne sidade refere rahun tiha ona tanba sidade ne sai fatin ba terenu batalha, e ema ida idak sente la seguru no evakua an rasik ba fatin seluk. Alende, katastropi enviromentu nian estraga tiha ona tiha ona Yemen, iha tinan 2015, Yemen mos hetan destroy husi iha anin fuik cyclone rua ; primeiro mak Cyclone Chapala, segundu mak Cyclone Megh ne’ebe estraga plantasaun ai-han agrikultor sira nian, (Oakford, 2015).
Ephidemic Cholera
Moras Cholera komesa hadaet ema durante Guerra civil akontese iha Yemen. Iha Julho 2017, Kordenador Nasoens Unidas ne’ebe toma konta kestaun humanitaria relata katak iha tinan 2017 kazu Cholera atinzi ona liu 320,000 kazu, (Falk, 2017). UNO mos fo sala Guerra civil, ne’ebe mak akontese no grupo combatente balun hetan suporta husi forsa internasional balun, wainhira tama iha fulan Outubro 2017, numero ema no labarik mak kona moras Cholera atinzi liu kazu rihun atus walu resin 800,000 (Lyons, 2017).
Konkluzaun
Tradusaun husi artiklu mak iha leten ne mesmo ladun detalho maibe konsege ilustra saida mak akontese lolos iha Yemen neba. Guerra Civil nebe akontese entre grupo mak pro Governu no mos grupo separatista sira oho malun tanba deit hadau malun atu kaer poder, no grupo balun hetan apoiu husi forsa internasional. Alende Guerra Civil, kestaun hadauk malun bee mos sai tiha ona problema bot molok grupo armada sira oho malun. Artiklu ne mos eskreve, wainhira governu ida mak la regula ho diak perfurasaun bee rai okos no husik deit sidadaun ida-idak livre hodi fura ninian bee mos, Konsekuensiamente bee rai okos ninian kuantidade sai menus liu tanba hahalok sira ne. Tanba husi hadauk malun bee mos, ikus mai resulta populasaun barak mak hetan moras epidemic Cholera tanba deit bee mak sira konsumu kontaminadu tiha ona ho foer.
Referensia
Al Arabiya., 2015, ‘Al-Qaeda thrieves in Yemen amid weak security, stalled dialogue’, retrieved 6 Feb 2015.
BBC., 2015, ‘President Hadi Leaves Yemen as Saudi-led raids continue’, retrieved 27 May 2015.
Falk, P., 2017, ‘ U.N. Warned “We should all feel deeply guilty” as Yemenies dies’, CBS News. Retreived 13 July 2017.
Heffez, A., 2013, ‘ How Yemen Chewed Itself Dry’, Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
Hendawi, H., 2014, ‘Yemen’s crisis reflects arc of Arab Springs revolts’, retrieved 8 Feb 2015.
IRIN., 2012, ‘ Yemen: Time running out for solution to water crisis’, Retrieved 13 August 2012.
Kirby, A., 2007, ‘Yemen’s Khat habit soaks up water’, BBC News, 7 of April 2007.
Krista, M., 2010, ‘ What if Yemen is the first Country to Run Out of Water’, Time Magazine. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
Lyons, K., 2017, ‘ Yemen’s Cholera outbreak now the worst in history as millionth case looms’, The Guardian, retrieved 3 March 2018.
Middle East Eye., 2015, ‘Houthi militia installs ‘presidential council’ to run Yemen’, Retrieved 6 Feb 2015.
Oakford, S., 2015, ‘ Battered By Civil War and Historic Cyclones, Yemen Now Faces Swarms of Locusts’, Vice News, Retrieved 12 Dec 2015.
Simeon, K., 2015, ‘ UN and Gulf back Yemeni president Hadi amid fears of civil war’, Financial Times, Retrived 22 March 2015.
Klima protestu ne’ebe kunyesidu ho naran ‘The Arab Spring’ la persija tempo naruk atu to’o iha Yemen depois de revolusaun iha Tunisia. Molok ida ne Yemen nudar nasaun ida ne’ebe kiak aumenta tan ninian governasaun mak kunyesidu koruptu, inklui arma kilat barak ne’ebe espalha iha civil nian liman. Iha tinan 2011, nasaun ne enfrenta tiha ona konfrontasaun husi grupo Al-Qaeda ne’ebe ligasaun ho grupo separatista iha parte Sul, alende ne mos konfronta ho grupo rebeldes Zaydi Shia iha parte Norte nian. Historikamente nudar nasaun Yemen foin mak unidos iha tinan 1990, depois de diferensias entre Norte ho Sul.
Krizi Ekolojia
Politika instabilidade iha Yemen akontese tanba mos razaun balun husi krizi ekolojia iha nasaun refere. Mayoria (Rata-rata) (average) sidadaun Yemen so hetan aksesu ba 140 m3/tinan (metro kuadradu kubik) bee mos kada tinan, kompara ho nasaun seluk iha Mediu Oriente 1000 m3/tinan, standard internasional 1700 m3/tinan, (Climate Change, 2001). Fontes bee mos ba nasaun ne mai husi perfurasaun bee rai okos, maibe ninian kuantidade bee rai okos tun bebeik kada tinan, hanesan ijemplo iha sidade Sana’a, perfurasaun bee rai-okos iha tinan 1970 bele to’o metro 30 hetan tiha ona bee mos, maibe iha tinan 2012 perfurasaun bee rai-okos persija to’o metro 1200 mak foin hetan bee, (Krista, 2010). Problema ne akontese tanba governu la regulariza utilizasaun bee rai-okos, no ida ne akontese molok krizi politika iha tinan 2011. Iha peritus barak mak halo tiha prediksaun katak Yemen sei sai nasaun primeiro mak bee mos laiha tanba ema hotu halo prefurasaun ba bee rai-okos. Agrikultor sira utiliza 90% bee rai-okos mesmo que kontribui deit 6% ba kresimentu ekonomia rai-laran. Kontrariomente ho ida ne, porsaun bot liu ema Yemen sira depende liu ba agrikultura kiik ou agrikultura skala subsistensia. Metade husi fornesementu bee mos ba agrikultura mak utiliza hodi rega “Khat” species aitahan ida hodi mama, atu hanesan (bua mak ferik ho katuas sira gosta mama), peritu sira dehan katak “Khat” ne hanesan narkotika ida ba ema Yemen sira hodi nata (chew). Ne signifika mesmo que Yemen nasaun ida mak menus bee, metade husi populasaun laiha aksesu ba ai-han, bee mak mai husi rai-okos so para uza hodi rega 45% agrikultor mak kuda ‘”Khat” ne’ebe la’os hahan.
Seguranca bee mos iha ninian impaktu direita ba iha estabilidade politika Yemen nian. Ema iha liur rona liu kona ba “Proxy War” funu entre faksaun ne’ebe balun hetan suporta husi nasaun seluk, maibe bazeia ba Jornal diario Yemen nian Al-Thawra, katak 70% - 80% konflito iha nasaun ne relasiona ho kestaun bee mos. Ministro interior Yemen nian deklara katak kazu hadaun malun bee mos ho rai resulta ona ema nain rihun hat (4,000) mak mate kada tinan, numero ne bot liu fali numero terorista sira nian, (Heffez, 2013). Iha rejiaun ida naran Al-Jawf Governorate, nebe sai hanesan baze grupo separatista Militant Shi’a Islamist, disputa oho malun tanba bee mos akontese besik tinan tolu nulu ona seidauk resolve, (IRIN., 2012). Iha tinan 2007, Ministro Bee no Rekurso Naturais sujere ba populasaun mak hela iha sidade Sana’a atu hodi evakua tanba bee mos laiha, (Kirby, 2007). Mesmo que governu fo orientasaun tiha ona ba evakuasaun, maibe molok ne sidade refere rahun tiha ona tanba sidade ne sai fatin ba terenu batalha, e ema ida idak sente la seguru no evakua an rasik ba fatin seluk. Alende, katastropi enviromentu nian estraga tiha ona tiha ona Yemen, iha tinan 2015, Yemen mos hetan destroy husi iha anin fuik cyclone rua ; primeiro mak Cyclone Chapala, segundu mak Cyclone Megh ne’ebe estraga plantasaun ai-han agrikultor sira nian, (Oakford, 2015).
Ephidemic Cholera
Moras Cholera komesa hadaet ema durante Guerra civil akontese iha Yemen. Iha Julho 2017, Kordenador Nasoens Unidas ne’ebe toma konta kestaun humanitaria relata katak iha tinan 2017 kazu Cholera atinzi ona liu 320,000 kazu, (Falk, 2017). UNO mos fo sala Guerra civil, ne’ebe mak akontese no grupo combatente balun hetan suporta husi forsa internasional balun, wainhira tama iha fulan Outubro 2017, numero ema no labarik mak kona moras Cholera atinzi liu kazu rihun atus walu resin 800,000 (Lyons, 2017).
Konkluzaun
Tradusaun husi artiklu mak iha leten ne mesmo ladun detalho maibe konsege ilustra saida mak akontese lolos iha Yemen neba. Guerra Civil nebe akontese entre grupo mak pro Governu no mos grupo separatista sira oho malun tanba deit hadau malun atu kaer poder, no grupo balun hetan apoiu husi forsa internasional. Alende Guerra Civil, kestaun hadauk malun bee mos sai tiha ona problema bot molok grupo armada sira oho malun. Artiklu ne mos eskreve, wainhira governu ida mak la regula ho diak perfurasaun bee rai okos no husik deit sidadaun ida-idak livre hodi fura ninian bee mos, Konsekuensiamente bee rai okos ninian kuantidade sai menus liu tanba hahalok sira ne. Tanba husi hadauk malun bee mos, ikus mai resulta populasaun barak mak hetan moras epidemic Cholera tanba deit bee mak sira konsumu kontaminadu tiha ona ho foer.
Referensia
Al Arabiya., 2015, ‘Al-Qaeda thrieves in Yemen amid weak security, stalled dialogue’, retrieved 6 Feb 2015.
BBC., 2015, ‘President Hadi Leaves Yemen as Saudi-led raids continue’, retrieved 27 May 2015.
Falk, P., 2017, ‘ U.N. Warned “We should all feel deeply guilty” as Yemenies dies’, CBS News. Retreived 13 July 2017.
Heffez, A., 2013, ‘ How Yemen Chewed Itself Dry’, Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
Hendawi, H., 2014, ‘Yemen’s crisis reflects arc of Arab Springs revolts’, retrieved 8 Feb 2015.
IRIN., 2012, ‘ Yemen: Time running out for solution to water crisis’, Retrieved 13 August 2012.
Kirby, A., 2007, ‘Yemen’s Khat habit soaks up water’, BBC News, 7 of April 2007.
Krista, M., 2010, ‘ What if Yemen is the first Country to Run Out of Water’, Time Magazine. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
Lyons, K., 2017, ‘ Yemen’s Cholera outbreak now the worst in history as millionth case looms’, The Guardian, retrieved 3 March 2018.
Middle East Eye., 2015, ‘Houthi militia installs ‘presidential council’ to run Yemen’, Retrieved 6 Feb 2015.
Oakford, S., 2015, ‘ Battered By Civil War and Historic Cyclones, Yemen Now Faces Swarms of Locusts’, Vice News, Retrieved 12 Dec 2015.
Simeon, K., 2015, ‘ UN and Gulf back Yemeni president Hadi amid fears of civil war’, Financial Times, Retrived 22 March 2015.
