Iha interese saida Indonesia-Australia Asina Akordu Plataforma Kontinente? Revista kritiku kona ba Akordu Plataforma-Kontinente (Continental-self) 1972

Iha interese saida Indonesia-Australia Asina Akordu Plataforma Kontinente?
Revista kritiku kona ba Akordu Plataforma-Kontinente (Continental-self) 1972
Hakerek-Nain
Tomas Freitas                                               
 
Introdusaun
Hanesan vizinho ba Australia no Indonesia, iha inisiu tinan 2015, Primeiro Ministro Timor-Leste Dr. Rui Maria de Araujo Hamutuk ho ninian ministros ba vizita Indonesia, no fas parte ba ajenda Primeiro Ministro deskuti ho Presidente Indonesia Joko Widodo kona ba fronteira maritima no terestre ho Indonesia (Gabinette do Primeiro Ministro, 2015).

Iha parte seluk relasaun entre Dili no Canberra bele dehan ladun harmonia, especialmente des de intelijente Australia (ASIO) ba asaltu Timor-Leste nian dokumentus iha Canberra, no mos Governu Australia nebe lakon iha tribunal internasional iha Den Haque relasiona ho kazu espionaze. Timor-Leste la iha inimigu, bazeia ba deklarasaun husi eis Primeiru Ministro Xanana Gusmao iha Manila loron 7 fulan Junho 2013 nebe esklarese katak Timor-Leste nian politika estranzeiru mak Zero Inimigo, relasiona ho Australia no Indonesia, Timor-Leste iha relasaun que diak tebes (Government of Timor-Leste 2013).

Essay ida ne, sei la tenta atu analiza politika estratejia externa ou relasaun diplomatiku Timor-Leste nian, maibe sei halo revista kritiku ba akordu Plataforma kontinente (Continental-Self Agreement) iha tinan 1972, no sei hare mos interese entre eis Presidente Indonesia Soeharto no eis Primeiro Ministro Australia nian Willian McMahon iha tinan 1970’s. Estudu empirical ida ne mos sei hato’o evidensia tekniku balun mak hanesan data geolozia nebe provas Plataforma Kontinente ilha Timor partense ba.

Historia
Ba dahuluk, faktus hateten katak Akordu Plataforma Kontinente entre Australia no Indonesia asina iha loron 9 fulan Outubro 1972 (United Nations, 1975). Haktuir Senator Australia Ian Sinclair, hateten katak iha 1956 Portugal koko deklara soverania Tasi-Timor bazeia ba prinsipiu (median-line) ou ho lian Portugues dehan Linha-Mediana ou tetum dehan risku-klaran (Sinclair, 1977), maibe Australia rezeita no la rekunyese deklarasaun ne, Australia reklama fila-fali Tasi-Timor bazeia ba Plataforma Kontinente (King, 2002). Governu Australia kontinua fo presaun iha tinan 1971, wainhira Portugal kontinua la-simu idea fronteira maritima bazeia ba Plataforma-kontinente (Seabed Boundary) hanesan baliza permanente entre rai rua (House of Representatives Hansard, 1973). Iha biban seluk, komesa husi fulan Novembru 1970 to’o iha Abril 1971, Ambasador Portugal iha Canberra, Carlos Empis Wemans buka hela halo konsultasaun ho Vice-Secretario Owen Harry, maibe la konsege tamba Canberra prefere liu halo negosiu ho Jakarta nebe apoiu liu idea Plataforma-Kontinente (la Haye, 1991). Razaun saida mak Portugal hakarak halo engkontru ho Departementu Relasaun Externa Australia nian, tamba iha publikasaun ida husi Boletim Oficial de Timor loron 24 Outubro 1970 nebe publika dokumentu rekizito (document request) husi Kompania Mina internasional Oceanic Exploration ho data 31 Dezembru 1968 ba Ministro do Ultramar, nebe iha dokumentu nian laran hakerek kona ba fo lisensa ba Kompania Oceanic Exploration hodi halao explorasaun iha area Tasi-Timor, no mos lisensa ne kovre area tetek-malun (overlapping) ka area nebe sei konflitu hela entre Australia no Portugal iha tempu neba (King, 2002). Administrasaun Portuguese laos deit fo lisensa ba kompania mina Oceanic Exploration, maibe sira mos iha Dezembru 1974 garantia kontratu ba Kompania Petrotimor hanesan grupo konsorsium, hamutuk ho Oceanic Exploration no mos interese Portugal nian (The Age, 1974), lisensa ne kovre 23,192 milhas kuadradus ou 60,700 kilometro kuadradus (King, 2002).
 
Molok, kompania jigante Oceanic Exploration nebe ninian baze iha Colorado, Estadus Unidos America hetan lisensa iha tinan 1968 hodi kaer projeitu Tasi-Timor, iha tinan 1962 kompania bot balun husi Australia mak hanesan Australian Aquitaine Pty Ltd, Arco Australia Ltd no Esso Australia Ltd, komesa tiha ona halo explorasaun geofizika (Laws & Kraus, 1974) no kontinua ho Aeromagnetic survey iha tinan 1963 husi kompania Woodside Petroleum, Kompania Burmah Oil, no Anglo-Ducth Shell Oil Company, no depois kontinua ho estudu seismiku iha tinan 1964-1968 (Mollan et al, 1969). Estudu hirak ne halao iha area Bonaparte Basin nebe ikus mai kunyesidu ho Area Konjunta Dezenvolvementu Petroleum (JPDA). Iha 1970 area Bonaparte deskobre potensia minarai no gas, nebe ho ninian estimasaun iha tempu neba entre milaun 500 to’o bilaun 5 barrel mina matak, no kuantidade gas Hamutuk 50,000 billion cubic feet (king, 2002).
Kontente ho informasaun kona ba potensia rezerva iha leten, iha loron 23  fulan Maio 1973, Senator Justin O’Byrne husi Australia deklara dehan;
 
“ buat ne bele fo vantazen diak ba ita sekuandu ita deskuti ho didiak, no ida ne bele sai ita nian rikusoin tamba area ne potensia tebes. Deklara tiha ona mos katak area ne riku ho hydrocarboneta nebe barak liu iha mundo. Nebe kontamina ho gas no minarai ho ninian kuantidade mak hanesan mos nasaun rikeza sira iha mediu-oriente.  
Futuru Australia nian, ate a data akontesementu krizi mina iha nasaun dezenvolvidu hanesan Estadu Unidos America, no wainhira rekursu tradisional nebe nakonu ho suply hydrocarboneta ne signifika sei fo preparasaun ida diak tebes, nebe serteza ho pratika tradisional mak iha mudansa tiha ona, inklui mos presu ida nebe diak. Ita sente privileziu tebes, tamba ne mak momentum ida diak ba ita atu hodi tama ba iha era auto-suffisiente ka besik Auto-sufisiente tamba ita iha supply hydrocarbonetas” (Senate Hansard, 1973:1838-1840).
 
Depois prosesu explorasaun husi Kompanias Australia nian iha 1962, no sira atinzi tiha resultadu iha 1970. Estrazikamente, Canberra mos halao progressu makas hodi establese koperasaun official ida ho Indonesia. Mesmo que deskonfia fo suporta direita no indireita ba rezime foun liu husi Komando Jeneral Soeharto iha 1965 hodi kontra Primeiro Presidente da Republika Indonesia Soekarno, kooperasaun entre Australia ho Indonesia iha 1966 hetan suksesu liu husi engkontru Inter-Government Group on Indonesia (IGGI) nebe konkorda Australia hodi fo Miliaun 20 AUSD hanesan ajudus ba programa bilaterais Indonesia nian ba periodu tinan tolu 1972-1975. Ajudus osan ne hodi uza ba sosa aviaun Jet-Militar nian hanesan sosa Sabre jets Hamutuk miliaun $6.1 AUSD, no miliaun $2m hodi halo mapamentu iha Indonesia (King, 2002). Iha loron 16 Outubro 1970 Indonesia hatudu sira nian mapa fronteira maritima nebe bazeia ba Plataforma-Kontinente hanesan baliza entre Australia ho Timor (Robinson, 1970). Iha Febreiru 1972, segundu Presidente Indonesia Soeharto halao vizita ba Australia (King, 2002), no husu ninian kolega Primeiro Ministro Australia William McMahon iha tempu neba atu servisu makas hodi konklui lalais akordu Plataforma-Kontinente, nebe ikus mai asina duni iha loron 9 Outubro 1972 (McMahon, 1972).  
 
Diskusaun kona ba Plataforma-Kontinente entre Indonesia ho Australia hahu’u Novembro 1969 iha konferensia ida naran Economic Commission of Asia and the Far East (Sorby, 1969). Maibe molok konferensia ne, Iha 1953 Australia prepara ho diak tiha ona atu hodi deklara Plataforma-Kontinente hanesan sira nian pozisaun fronteira maritima (Prescott, 1972) liu husi dezenvolve sira nian interpretasaun rasik ba artiklu 6.1 konvensaun Geneva kona ba lei tasi nian, nebe koalia kona ba delimitasaun fronteira internasional.
Iha orijinalidade artiklu 6.1 ne hateten:     
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“Wainhira estadu rua hari’i iha Plataforma kontinente mak hanesan nebe sira nian teritoria hasoru ba malun ka fo opozisaun ba malun, baliza mak bele aplika mak tenke iha konkordansia entre sira nain rua. Sekarik la hetan konkordansia, no sekarik iha eksepsaun seluk mak hanesan iha linha fronteira nebe bele justifika hanesan kondisaun especial ka Special Circumstances, entaun linha baliza (boundary-line) mak linha-mediana, nebe tenke sukat bazeia ba tasi ninin husi teritoriu ida ba teritoriu seluk no hafahe iha klaran” (King, 2002:2).

Interpretasaun ba dahuluk, Australia tauk-oituan (concerned) kona ba linha mak dada tiha ona iha Tasi Arafura nian, nebe ho ninian medida East Longitude 133o 14’, Razaun tamba governu Australia entrega tiha ona lisensa ba explorasaun petroleum iha area entre West Irian no Aru Island (King, 2002). Tamba ne, Australia fiar katak area mak hetan lisensa, monu iha Plataforma-kontinental nebe legalmente regulariza husi Australia no Indonesia (Prescott, 1972).

Interpretasaun segundu, Australia fiar katak lakuna (Timor Trough) hanesan kuak ida mak klean los hodi hafahe kontinente rua, bazeia ba deklarasaun husi eis ministro estranjeiru Australia nian William McMahon iha loron 30 Outubro 1970 iha uma fukun Parlementu Australia, hateten katak lakuna (Timor tranche) ho ninian distansia naruk 550 Milhas Nautical ka 1017.5 kilometros kuadradu, ho ninian luan mais ou menus 40 milhas ka 74 kilometros, ho ninian tasi klean liu 10,000 feet ka liu 3000 metros, no bazeia ba fontes nebe iha nia hateten katak ida ne mak “unmistakably morphological” iha lian tetum dehan “formasaun estrutura nebe la falha” Haktuir McMahon signifika katak lakuna (Timor Trough) iha Tasi Timor hafahe tiha ona baliza entre Australia no Timor, nebe haketak Plataforma kontinente rua ne (Minister for External Affairs, 1970).
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Banati-tuir eis ministro justice Indoensia nian iha tinan 1976, Dr Mochtar Kusumaatmaja, sai mos hanesan eis ministro estranjeiru iha tinan 1977, nebe deklara iha journal akademiku Far Eastern Economic Review hateten “la los katak lakuna iha Tasi Timor hanesan baliza nebe natural hodi haketak Plataforma rua” (Richardson, 1979:45). Nudar peritus kona ba lei tasi nian, Dr. Mochtar esplika iha Journal APPEA nebe hateten katak “Lakuna iha Tasi Timor ne hanesan kuak kiik ida husi bathymetric modern nebe ninian klean liu 10,000 feet ka 3000 metros….formasaun husi lakuna ne ho ninian probabilidade bazeia ba ajustamentu Isostatic (Isostatic Adjustment) nebe nudar kontinuasaun husi soke malun entre Plataforma Australia nian no Plataforma Asian husi parte northe Ilha Timor nian, iha era inisiu Miocene (early Miocene)” (Laws & Kraus, 1974:80). Dr. Mochtar mos esklarese iha journal Sydney Morning Herald iha loron 3 fulan Junho 1972 nebe hateten katak “wainhira Plataforma rua soke malun ninian konsikuensia mak kria lakuna nebe tun ba tasi-okos, no ida ne la’os ninin husi Plataforma rua” (Hastings, 1972). Mosaun hanesan mai husi Charles Hutchison, nebe deklara katak “Plataforma Kontinental hanesan unidade ida deit nebe hanesan mos extensaun husi Plataforma Australia Shaul nian inklui lakuna no ilha Timor nebe hit A’an no hatudu A’an’ (Smith, 2011:51).     

Imajem iha leten hatudu klaru kona ba Plataforma Kontinental Australia nian nebe inklui Sumba, Timor no Ilha Papua. Imajem ne apresenta husi Asesor Geir Ytreland nebe servisu iha Ministerio Rekurso Naturais no Politika Enerjetika (MNREP) Timor-Leste, iha primeiro governasaun konstitusional (2005).
Piskiza ida ne, gasta tiha ona tempu barak hodi halibur evidensia empirical mak hanesan Estudu Survey Seismiku nebe mak produs husi Departementu Minerais no Energia Australia nian. Hakerek-Nain ba essay ida ne, iha evidensia mak sufisiente hodi kontra argumentu husi William McMahon nebe hateten katak “Lakuna iha Tasi Timor hanesan baliza entre kontinente Australia ho Ilha Timor” statementu ida ne falsu no laiha evidensia. Favor hare’e dokumentus iha kraik nebe nakonu ho statementu tekniku mak kontrariu ho McMahon nian deklarasaun. 
 
Estudu Seismiku

Liafuan iha leten ne hateten katak “informasaun mak iha relatoriu nia laran mai husi Departementu Mineral no Energia, fas parte husi politika governu Australia nian hodi fo asistensia ba explorasaun no dezenvolvimentu rekursu minerais. Dokumentu ne sei la publika iha kualker forma, ka uza sein lisensa eskrita husi Direitor, Biro Rekursu minerais, geolojia no geofizika”.
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Imajem scanned dokumentus hirak ne publika husi Departementu Mineral e Energia Australia nian, no halao tiha ona survey seismiku ida iha area lakuna Tasi-Timor iha tinan 1975, no sira hetan ninian evidensia katak Ilha Timor fas parte ba Plataforma kontinente Australia nian; deklarasaun ne totalmente kontrario ho statementu husi William McMahon. Hare didiak statement deklara husi dokumentu ne.    

Tuir ita nian dalen tetum deklarasaun iha leten haklaken katak “Lakuna Tasi Timor eziste klaramente mai husi divizaun bathymetric nebe koko haketak Timor husi enkuadramentu Plataforma kontinental norte Australia nian. Proposta ne mai husi Fitch, Warris no seluk tan, nebe hateten lakuna ne resulta husi soke-malun fundamental entre Plataforma rua nia ninin, maibe agora la aktivu ona. Audley-Charles no seluk tan konsidera katak ninin husi Plataforma mak parte norte Ilha Timor nian, maibe lakuna iha Tasi Timor ne hanesan resultadu husi soke malun entre kontinente Australia ho “subduction zone” nebe iha baliza neba”.
 
Deklarasaun iha leten bele interpreta katak, Ilha Timor mosu bazeia ba resultadu soke-malun entre continental Australia no Zona seluk, signifika kontinente Asia.

Interpretasaun husi paragraph ne hateten katak; karakteristik husi seksaun seismiku halao provolta plataforma husi parte ninin norte to’o ba sul. Distansia seismiku provolta refleksaun 0.5 seconds (500 m) tiru tun tasi okos (seabed), no ninian resultadu hatudu distorsaun ba sedimentariu. Refleksaun tiru klean liu konsege to ba iha tasi kidun (crystalline basement) tamba area magnetic iha okos neba kaber los (smooth). Resultadu seismiku ne hatudu katak iha mos difikuldade hodi hare ba tasi klean liu tamba iha disturbansia makas wainhira akontesementu natural husi formasaun fatuk iha ninin husi parte norte lakuna nian. Probabilidade fatuk sedimentary hirak ne hanesan mos ho fatuk iha Bobonaro no hetan mos fatuk hanesan iha formasaun kosta sul Timor nian. 

Orijinalidade husi lakuna ne ladun klaru, maibe teoria reprezenta expresaun leten (surface expression) husi parte norte nian monu tun (dipping) liu-liu iha parte zona soke-malun (subduction-zone) no ne ita labele diskonta ka ignora ba iha evidensia seismiku ida ne. Desturbu natural sai kauza ba fatuk barak nebe monu iha lakuna no evidensia ne hatudu katak mosu laletek, ka iha lian Bahasa dehan (tumpukan) no inglesh hateten (overlie) nebe rezulta naksuli no halis-tun ba parte ninin husi lakuna sul nian.  

Liafuan iha leten hateten katak parese kose-malun (over-thrusting) ka iha lian Indonesia ita dehan “gesekan” iha parte norte mai husi (gravity sliding) ka “gesekan gravitasi” entre “lempengan” (scaly clays), nebe rezulta Ilha Timor hit-a’an iha era Miocene. Sekarik distorsaun Pliocene oozes mak hetan iha baze lakuna nian hanesan rezulta hikar-malun ka namkurut (folding), no laos interupsaun, karik, buat rua ne hanesan prosesu mak mai husi kontinuasaun nebe kleuk-tiha ona (downwarp).
 
Paragraph ne deskobre oinsa ilha Timor hit-a’an iha era Miocene, bazeia ba tinan geologia nian signifika formasaun ba ilha Timor akontese entre tinan miliaun 5-24 liu ba.     

Imajem seismiku iha leten, hatudu katak lakuna iha Tasi Timor la klean liu 3000 metros.
Molok ita kontinua ita nian diskusaun ba oin, artiklu ida ne hakarak halo revista ba artigu ida ba ida nebe mak hakerek iha akordu Plataforma-Kontinental entre Jakarta ho Canberra iha 18 Maio 1971, akordu ne hetan asinatura husi eis Ministro Estranjeiru Australia nian Nigel Bowen ho is Ministro Minerais Indonesia nian Soemantri Brodjonegoro iha loron 9 Outubro 1972 iha Jakarta.   
 
Akordu Plataforma-Kontinental 1972

​Tradusaun iha leten hateten katak; Akordu Plataforma Kontinental 1972. No. 14123, Entre Australia no Indonesia. Akordu establesementu serteza kona ba Fronteira Tasi-Okos iha area Timor no Tasi Arafura nian, akordu ne hodi kumpleta ba agrementu 18 Maio 1971. Asina iha Jakarta loron 9 Outubro 1972. Tekstu Autentink: Inglesh no Indonesia. Rejistu husi Australia iha loron 7 Agostu 1975.
 
Wainhira hare didiak kover husi akordu ne, klaru hatudu Australia nian interese makas hodi ba rejistu iha ONU sein partisipasaun Indonesia nian. Karik ida ne mak sai razaun ba Dr. Mochtar Kusuma Atmaja hodi hateten katak “Australia halo Indonesia sai hanesan sira nian kriadu (pembantu)”; favour hare’e iha komentario Michael Richardson (1978), Peter Hastings (1978).

Interpretasaun;
Governu Commonwealth Australia no Governu Republika Indonesia,
Reafirma akordu entre Governua nain rua, asina iha loron sanulu-resin-walu fulan Maio tinan rihun ida atus sia hitu nulu resin ida, establese fronteira tasi-okos (seabed-boundary) iha Tasi Arafura, no iha area serteza balun iha kosta ilha Nova-Guinea (Irian),
            Reafirma liu tan saida mak mensiona iha akordu governu rua, nebe husik hela ba diskusaun ikus mak kestiona delimitasaun iha area mak deside tiha ona, entre tasi-okos iha Arafura no Tasi Timor parte weste nian ho Longitu 133023’ Leste,
            Rezolve hanesan vizinho diak no iha espiritu kooperasaun ho fraternidade, hodi hatu’ur permanente limitasaun husi areas nebe refere bazeia ba paragraph mak governu rua konkorda tiha ona hodi exerciu sira nian direitu ba explorasaun iha tasi-okos no exploitasaun rekursu naturais, hanesan konkorda tuir mai:
     
Paragraf ikus husi preamblu iha leten reflekta mosaun hypothetical husi parte Australia nian. Hanesan mensiona husi hakerek-nain iha paragraph inisiu essay ida ne, katak husi 1962-1970 Kompanias mina Australia halo tiha ona explorasaun no identifika tiha ona rezerva mina no gas iha Plataforma-kontinente nian okos. Kestaun mak ne, tamba sa iha tempu neba Indonesia la hatene katak iha pontu A16 no A17 nian okos toba hela mina matak Hamutuk barrel biliaun lima (5), no gas rihun lima nulu (50,000)bcf.

Interpretasaun Artigu 1.
Iha area kosta sul husi ilha Tanimbar, fronteira entre area husi tasi-okos hasoru malun ho parte Commonwealth Australia nian no mos area husi tasi-okos nebe hasoru malun ho parte Republika Indonesia nian sei dada linha los nebe mak hatudu iha chart no 3 anexu iha akordu nebe komesa husi pontus latitude 8o53’ sul, longitude 133o23’ leste (pontu 12, specifikamente iha akordu entre nasaun rua, loron sanulu resin walu, fulan Maio, tinan rihun ida, atus sia, hitu nulu resin ida), tuir mai koneksaun iha dirasaun westerly bazeia ba pontus specifiku iha aranjamentu specifiku:    

Interpretasaun Artigu 2.
Iha area sul ilha Roti no Ilha Timor, fronteira entre area husi tasi-okos hasoru malun ho parte Commonwealth Australia nian no mos area husi tasi-okos nebe hasoru malun ho parte Republika Indonesia nian sei dada linha los nebe mak hatudu iha chart no 3 mak anexu iha akordu nebe komesa husi pontus latitude 10028’ sul, longitude 126000’ leste (pontu A17, specifikamente iha akordu entre nasaun rua, tuir mai koneksaun iha dirasaun westerly bazeia ba pontus specifiku iha aranjamentu specifiku:   

​Interpretasaun Artigu 3.
Linha entre Pontus A15 no A16 no entre Pontus A17 no A18 refere ba artigu 1 no 2, indika dirasaun proporsionalidade husi fronteira. Wainhira iha eventu kona ba kontinuasaun akordu delimitasaun ka akordu mak konkorda tiha ona entre governu rua hodi halo exercisio ba direitu soverania, nebe involve explorasaun iha tasi-okos no exploitasaun ba rekursu naturais iha area Tasi Timor, Governu Commonwealth Australia no Governu Republik Indonesia tenke konsulta ba malun hodi hare no hetan konkordansia ba ajustamentu ka ajustamentus, sekarik iha, nesesidade ba iha porsaun linha baliza entre pontus A15 no A16 no entre pontus A17 no A18.
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Sekarik ita halo komparasaun entre artigus 1,2 no 3 iha leten, klaru katak akordu plataforma-kontinental la rasional, tamba iha artigu 1 no 2, defini medidas pontus kordinat bazeia ba pozisaun nasaun rua mak hasoru malun, maibe iha atigu 3, governu nain rua ‘tenke konsulta ba malun ho vizaun ida mak konkorda ba malun hodi halo ajustamentu’, perguntas mak ne, tamba sa mak sira tenke konsulta ba malun? Sekuandu pontus kordinat bazeia ba spiritu Plataforma-kontinental, tan sa mak Australia no Indonesia preokupa los kona ba pontus kordinat hat ikus ne? karik tamba pontus A16 no A17 sai hanesan pontus savi nebe favorese ba rezevoar jigante balun? Mai ita hare, iha nebe lolos pontus A16 no A17 kona lolos.          

Fontes: Woodside
Mapa iha leten ne Kompania Woodside uza ba internal deit, no mapa ne klaru hatudu katak pontu A17 besik lolos kampo Laminaria, Corallina, no Bufalo. Sekarik linha ne para deit iha pontu A18, ne signifika kampo minarai hirak ne bele tama hotu Area Konjunta Dezenvolvementu Petroleum (JPDA).

Fontes ba mapa kampo Sunrise no Troubadour ne, mai husi dokumentu Akordu Unitizasaun Internasional (IUA).
Imajem iha leten hatudu ezatamente kona ba pontus kordinat A15 no A16, bazeia ba Akordu Unitizasaun Internasional iha pajina ikus liu, hatudu pontus A15 no A16 mak hafahe kampo Sunrise no Troubadour ba 20.1% tama iha area JPDA no 79.9% konsidera area Australia nian. Perguntas mak ne, iha tempu neba Indonesia hatene kalae katak pontus kordinat A15 no A16 kona lolos iha rezevoar jigante mak iha gas barak?

Artigu 4,
Governu Commonwealth Australia no Governu Republika Indonesia mutualmente rekunyese direitu governu rua nian iha no liu area Tasi-Okos (Seabed) ho ninian limitasaun nebe establese iha akordu ne, ho nune sira bele hapara hodi okupa (claim) ou bele halo exercio direitu soverania nian ba explorasaun husi tasi-okos no exploitasaun ba rekursu natureza nebe fora husi baliza mak establese.   
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Artigu 4 hateten katak ho respeita ba explorasaun iha tasi-okos no exploitasaun ba kada rekursu natureza, bele fora liu linha fronteira “beyond the boundaries” nebe konkorda. Oinsa mak Indonesia bele konkorda hodi husik Australia halao explorasaun no exploitasaun fora husi linha fronteira? Emphaze husi artigu 5 deklara katak tasi-okos (seabed) inklui kamada-rai (subsoil), no ida ne sei iha eksepsaun (exemption) nebe signifika katak ne laos rekerementu husi diskonkordansia kona ba explorasaun no exploitasaun husi tasi-okos.

Artigu 5,
relasiona ho akordu ida ne, “tasi-okos” (seabed) inklui kamada-rai (subsoil) iha tasi okos, exepsaun wainhira iha kontekstu mak diferente.

Artigu 6. 1.
Pontus kordinat nebe specifikamente iha artigu 1 no 2 husi akordu ne mak kordinates jeografika, no ninian lokalidade aktual husi pontu hirak ne mak linha sira ligasaun ba malun nebe sei determina husi metodu mak hetan konkordansia husi autoridade kompotente governu rua nian.
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Artigu 6.2.
proposta husi paragraf 1 husi artigu ida ne, hateten katak autoridade kompetensia nebe iha relasaun ho Commonwealth Australia mak hanesan Director Nasional Mapamentu ka ema ida mak reprezenta autoridade ne, no relasaun ho Repuplika Indonesia mak hanesan Chefe husi kordinador survey nasional no mapamentu (Ketua Badan Koordinasi Survey dan Pemetaan Nasional) ka ema seluk mak reprezenta autoridade ne. (United Nations, 1975).
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Artigu 6, hateten katak instituisaun regulatoriu Australia ho Badan Koordinasi Survei dan Pemetaan Nasional, mak sei determina Hamutuk pontus linha Plataforma-kontinental hirak ne. bazeia ba evidensia mak hakarek-nain informa iha paragraph balun iha leten, hateten katak Australia fo ajudus bilaterais miliaun $20 AUD, no husi osan ne, miliaun $6.1 sei uza ba sosa aviaun funu, no miliaun $2.0 hodi halao mapamentu ba fronteira Indonesia nian, no ajudus ne sei fo durante durasaun periodu 1972-1975. Iha informasaun seluk mos hateten katak iha 16 de Outubro 1970, Indonesia iha tiha ona sira nian mapa kumpleta nebe bazeia ba Plataforma-kontinente. Oinsa mak Indonesia bele iha lalais tiha mapa kumpleta iha tinan 1970 kona ba fronteira maritima no bazeia ba Plataforma-kontinental nebe persija osan barak hodi halo estudus? Hakerek-nain deskonfia (curiga) katak Australia mak prepara tiha ona mapa ne, hodi foba Indonesia hodi aprezenta, tan ne artigu 6.1 no 2 ne so para taka falta deit. Estranyu tebes ba Indonesia hodi asina akordu Plataforma-kontinente ne, sekuandu sira iha tiha ona mapamentu mak klaru kona ba informasaun tasi-okos (seabed) no kamada-rai (subsoil) iha Tasi Timor neba.

Artigu 7.
Sekarik iha kualker akumulasaun hydrocarbonetas likidu ou natural gas, ka kualker deposito minerais mak hetan iha tasi-okos neba, bele halo extensaun ba kada linha nebe specifikamente ka hanesan deskreve tiha ona iha artigu 1 no 2 husi akordu ne, no husi parte kada akumulasaun ka deposito nebe hetan iha linha nian sorin seluk no bele rekopera iha formasaun likidu, governu rua bele buka dalan hodi konkorda atu oinsa halo exploitasaun mak efektive no fahe lukru mak hanesan ba akumulasaun ka deposito nebe iha.  
​
Artigu 7, ne hatudu katak governu Australia iha ambisaun makas hodi buka minarai no gas iha depositos, mesmo que rezevoar balun dok liu kordinat points.

Artigu 8.1
Nebe Governu Commonwealth Australia bele grante lisensa explorasaun ba petrolifero ou lisensa produsaun ba petrolifero bazeia ba lei (Submerged Lands) lei nebe husi Commonwealth Australia, liu parte tasi-okos nian nebe governu tenta atu exersiu direitu soverania liu husi kualidade akordu ne, no fo lisensa tenke imidiatamente sai prioridade hodi legaliza akordu ne, Governu Republika Indonesia ka ninian autoridade ajente sei simu aplikasaun husi sosiu rejistradu (registered holder) nebe iha lisensa, ou sosiu rejistradu nebe barak liu ema nain ida, sira bele temporariamente kombina ba malun, iha boa-vontade hodi oferese no negosia Kontratu Fahe Produsaun (PSC) bazeia ba Indonesia nian lei, hodi explora no halo produsaun ba minarai no natural gas.   
​
Analiza ba artigu 8.1 hatudu katak Australia nian determinasaun bot liu hodi hasai lisensa ba kompania mina sira, no obriga kompania sira tenke kumpri lei Asutralia nian (Submereged Lands) nebe regula futuru industria ne. hakerek-nain la hetan evidensia involvement Indonesia nian iha hasai lisensa ba area Tasi Timor nian, ne hatudu katak akordu ida ne (seabed boundary) so fo deit benefisiu ba parte ida mak Governu Australia.

Artigu 8.2
Aplikasaun ba negosiasaun bazeia ba konkordansia iha paragraph 1 husi artigu ne tenke deside liu husi sosiu rejistradu ka sosiu rejistradu sira seluk iha fulan sia nia laran depois de akordu ne aplika. Sekarik laiha aplikasaun mak halo durante period ne, ka oferesementu halo bazeia ba konkordansia ho paragraph 1 husi artigu ne, depois negosiasaun, la aseita, ka la permiti ou la fo lisensa, Governu Republika Indonesia sei la iha obrigasaun hodi rejistru sosiu sira, no sei la permiti hodi fo lisensa bazeia ba paragraph 1 husi aplikasaun akordu ne.
​
Pontu 2, klaru hateten katak, Governu Australia halo tauk no ameasa Indonesia, liu husi desizaun fulan sia deit ba Indoensia hodi prosesa aplikasaun no halo rejistasaun ba sosiu sira. Tamba sa mak regulamentu fulan sia ne aplika deit ba parte Indonesia nian? Sekuandu akordu ne bazeia ba relasaun mutual, entaun tenke aplika mos ba nasaun rua, laos ba Indonesia deit.

Artigu 8.3
Haktuir proposta husi artigu ne, “sosiu rejistradu” (registered holder) signifika kompania ida nebe rejistu sosiu (saham) no hetan lisensa ba explorasaun petroleum ou lisensa ba halao produsaun, iha kazu ne bazeia ba lei (Submerged Lands Acts) husi Commonwealth Australia nebe imidiatamente aplika tiha ona iha akordu ne. 
​
Iha pontu numero 3, iha tendensaun makas Australia refere liu ba sira nian lei, laos Indonesia nian lei.

Artigu 9
Sekarik iha desputa entre governu rua mosu husi interpretasaun ka implementasaun husi akordu ne, tuir mai so bele resolve ho hakmatek (peacefully) liu husi konsultasaun ka negosiasaun.
​
Artigu 9, reflekta tipiku attitude nasaun iha ambisaun makas, nebe la justu iha negosisaun, sira sempre prevene disputa iha futuru liu husi aplika seksaun ne, nebe kualker problema so bele resolve liu husi dalan hakmatek (peacefully) konsultasaun no negosiasaun, signifika sira lakohi atu lori ba Tribunal Internasional.
​

Artigu 10.
Akordu ne sei ratifika bazeia ba konstituisaun mak vigora iha nasaun rua, no sei aplika ba lei iha loron nebe instrumentu husi ratifikasaun ne troka ba malun.

Sai sasin ba asina, sira nebe hetan autorizasaun husi governu rua, mak sei asina akordu ne.

Kumpleta no duplika iha Jakarta iha loron sia fulan Outubro 1972 iha lian Ingles no Indonesia.

Reprezenta Governu Commonwealth Australia:
Nigel Bowen nudar ministro estranjeiru Australia nian,
Reprezenta husi Governu Republika Indonesia:
Sumantri Brodjonegoro, nudar Ministro Minerais Indonesia nian. 

Konkluzaun

Essay ne hato’o tiha ona evidensia balun mak iha relasaun ho Australia nian interese iha Tasi Timor, nebe hatudu klaru sira nian interese ekonomia bot liu Indonesia. Involvementu husi eis Presidente Indonesia Soeharto no eis Primeiro Ministro Australia William McMahon klaru tebes, no ita bele hare ne liu husi fa’an akordu Plataforma-kontinente ho osan miliaun $20 ba ajudus bilaterais, mesmo que ida ne, iha mos evidensia empirical hanesan data survey seismiku prova tiha ona katak kontinente Australia mos fas parte ilha Timor, maibe sira kontinua ignora faktus hirak ne.  Governu Australia sei halo buat hotu atu hodi legaliza aktividade exploitasaun ba rezerva minarai no gas; no buat ne hatudu tiha ona iha akordu Plataforma kontinente ne, nebe hahu’u husi artigu 1 to 10 so favorese deit ba Australia laos Indonesia.

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